Acid attacks—a form of violence that involves throwing acid at human bodies—are a serious violation of basic human rights. Given their high prevalence in developing countries, previous studies argue victim characteristics and motives for attacks. However, they rely on nonrepresentative data, and the socioeconomic determinants of attacks are not well understood. Therefore, using media report data on attacks that occurred all over Bangladesh between 2005 and 2023, this study examines the relationships between traditional gender norms and acid availability and the prevalence of acid attacks against women. We identified 836 victims during the study period, 77% of whom were women, and most perpetrators were men. The main motives for attacks include troubles related to love, marriage, and economic disputes. Regression analyses demonstrate that traditional gender norms and acid availability are positively associated with the prevalence of attacks against women. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to uncover the socioeconomic determinants of acid attacks quantitatively using representative data. These findings highlight the importance of policy intervention to change traditional gender norms, such as raising public awareness of gender equality, providing female job opportunities, and increasing the number of female political leaders.